Saturday, November 10, 2007

Laptop And Digital Camera Memory Devices Improved With Nanotechnology

Arizona State University's Center for Applied Nanoionics (CANi) has a new take on old memory, one that promises to boost the performance, capacity and battery life of consumer electronics from digital cameras to laptops. Best of all, it is cheap, made from common materials and compatible with just about anything currently on the market.

"In using readily available materials, we've provided a way for this memory to be made at essentially zero extra cost, because the materials you need are already used in the chips -- all you have to do is mix them in a slightly different way," said Michael Kozicki, director of CANi.

For some time now, conventional computer memory has been heading toward a crunch -- a physical limit of how much storage can be crammed into a given space. Traditional electronics begins to break down at the nanoscale -- the scale of individual molecules -- because pushing electronics closer together creates more heat and greater power dissipation. As consumer electronics such as MP3 players and digital cameras shrink, the need for more memory in a smaller space grows.

Researchers have been approaching the problem from two directions, either trying to leapfrog to the next generation of memory, or refining current memory. CANi took both approaches, amping up performance via special materials while also switching from charge-based storage to resistance-based storage.

"We've developed a new type of old memory, but really it is the perfect memory for what's going to be required in future generations," Kozicki said. "It's very low-energy. You can scale it down to the nanoscale. You can pack a lot of it into a small space."

CANi was also able to overcome the limitations of conventional electronics by using nanoionics, a technique for moving tiny bits of matter around on a chip. Instead moving electrons among charged particles, called ions, as in traditional electronics, nanoionics moves the ions themselves.

"We've actually been able to move something the size of a virus between electrodes to switch them from a high resistance to a low resistance, which is great for memory," Kozicki said.

Most memory today stores information as charge; in the binary language of computers, this means that an abundance of charge at a particular site on a chip translated as a "one," and a lack of charge is translated as a "zero." The problem with such memory is that the smaller its physical size, the less charge it can reliably store.

Resistance-based memory, on the other hand, does not suffer from this problem and can even store multiple bits on one site. Moreover, once the resistance is set, it does not change, even when the power is switched off.

CANi's previous high-performance resistance-change memory has been licensed to three companies, including Micron Technology and Qimonda, and has attracted the attention of Samsung, Sony and IBM. However, it used some materials, specifically silver and germanium sulfide, previously unused by industry and therefore required new processes to be developed.

The real advancement of CANi's newest memory is that researchers discovered a way to use materials already common in chip manufacturing. Although "doping" -- mixing silicon with small amounts of conductive materials such as boron, arsenic or phosphorus -- has been common practice for years, copper in silicon dioxide was largely unheard of. In fact, it was strictly avoided.

"People have actually gone to great lengths to keep the silicon oxide and the copper apart," Kozicki said. "But in our case, we are very interested in mixing the copper with the oxide -- basically, so that it would become mobile and move around in the material."

"Because it can move in there, we can make a sort of nanoscale switch," he added. "This very, very small switch can be used in memory applications, storing information via a range of resistance values."

Industry has already shown interest in the new memory and, if all goes well, consumers could see it on the market within a few years.

"What it means is we could replace all of the memory in all sorts of applications -- from laptops to iPods to cell phones to whatever -- with this one type of memory," Kozicki said. "Because it is so low energy, we can pack a lot of memory and not drain battery power; and it's not volatile -- you can switch everything off and retain information. What makes this significant is that we are using materials that are already in use in the semiconductor industry to create a component that's never been thought of before."

The research was conducted in collaboration with Research Center Jülich in Germany. It was published in the October 2007 issue of the journal IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices in the article "Bipolar and Unipolar Resistive Switching in Cu-doped SiO2." The team included Christina Schindler, on loan from Germany to CANi, Sarath Chandran Puthen Thermadam of CANi, Kozicki, and Rainer Waser of the Institute for Solid State Research and Center for Nanoelectronics Systems and Information Technology in Jülich.



http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/10/071023173435.htm

A Primer on Digital Cameras... Everything you need to know

It wasn’t long ago that digital cameras were essentially for the rich and the geeks; if you spent just a few bucks you didn’t get anything worth having, and if you really wanted something good.. well, you’d better be in the book about the Rich and Famous.

Technology and costs have changed drastically in the last few years, and it seems as if today that digital cameras nearly outnumber all the classic film cameras, and to all but the classic photography buffs, digital is the way to go.

Even traditional photography studios use digital, often in combination, with film.

Why? What’s the attraction? Instant availability and the ability to discard unwanted photos without cost penalty is one main attraction. The second is the ability to share, publish, store your pictures.

The purist will still argue that for professional grade photography and the widest range of effects that film is the only way to go. If he were shooting today, it is doubtful that Ansel Adams would be using digital.

For the rest of us, digital seems to be the way to go.

Now assuming you have not yet made the plunge, the biggest question is "Where Do I start?" or "What do I buy?" or "How Do I Compare?"

Articles have been written on just these subjects and if we were to expand on all, this article would be a text book instead of just a primer. You can do a search on any of the popular article sites to find many articles just on that subject, (one site for example is ArticleCity.com, but not to promote one over the other.. chances are you may be seeing this on an article based site). You can also use search engines.

But sometimes it’s nice to have interactive expert advice. We suggest you read and research for background, but then for selection, visit you closest specialty photography or camera store. One where that’s all they sell.. not a general all purpose discount or department store that probably has that department "manned" with part time help.. but go to the specialty store. The person will know what to ask you and how to guide you.

Your biggest question will end up being an ethical one: After you have been taught and guided, do you buy from that store, or take your knowledge and model to the internet or a discount store and make your buy. If you do, keep in mind that the full service store may offer just that.. service after the sale; maybe an upgrade trade in policy, and other intangibles that must be assigned value.

Before you venture out, choosing the right camera begins with asking yourself "What do I want this for?" "What kinds of pictures do I expect to be taking?" "How many at a time?" (Addresses memory and storage issues). "What kind of light will most of my pictures be in?" "Will I be carrying this camera for long periods of time?"(Think of weight). And lastly, and this is important.. What kind of batteries does this camera use; how available are they, and what do they cost? Most digital cameras are real battery hogs, so it is important that batteries are readily available.. and possibly rechargable.. but if you are on a 3 week safari in Africa and you don’t have chargers handy.. what are your options? How many pictures? Memory cards available easily? Or do you have to dump and download often? On a long vacation you don’t want to shoot all day and fill up.. and then not have a computer handy to dump into?

Compared to film where it’s just "pop a new roll" digital cameras purchased that don’t match the photographers needs can be a detriment, not an asset.

Once you choose, then you need to know how to compare pricing and benefits.. but that’s the subject for another article.

Choose wisely and you’ll love your new camera!



http://www.multihost.com/digital-camera/a-primer-on-digital-cameras...-everything-you-n.html

Thursday, November 8, 2007

Nikon Professional Digital Camera - Every Photographer's Dream

Nikon has proven its reputation among professional photographers, being the top choice for many of them. Don’t expect a Nikon professional digital camera to be inexpensive, but be sure that you are paying for quality, durability, functionality and reputation.

The first Nikon cameras entered the market during the early days of film photography, and were using optics from Zeiss, a German optical maker that produced some of the absolute best camera lenses. Around the middle of the 20th century, Zeiss-Nikon lenses were the standard for professional quality lenses throughout the world. Nikon’s reputation in the camera market quickly reached the top mainly thank to their excellent line of Nikon professional digital cameras.

At the time when other camera makers were quickly occupying the digital camera market, Nikon wanted to make sure it made the conversion right with their biggest base relied on a Nikon professional digital camera. As market forces changed, Nikon also tries to give amateur photographers the opportunity to have the quality professional use in a Nikon professional digital camera.

Nikon produced less expensive units of their professional digital camera, that became available for serious amateurs and those that stick to a particular brand name. Nikon’s reputation as a top camera maker is unparalleled in the photography world.

In August 2006, its amazing line of five Coolpix camera models strengthened their position at the top, and a Nikon professional digital camera became affordable to regular folks. All models can be found between $200 and $400 and they all have a five-star rating from consumers. The rating encompasses issues such as ease of use, dependability, quality of pictures among others. Their goal is to enable amateurs to have the same photo experience as those using a Nikon professional digital camera.

The Nikon D80, costing around $1,000 is not considered to be a Nikon professional digital camera, but shares many of the features. Improved auto-focus and interchangeable lenses make it an amateur’s dream. It boasts 10.2 mega-pixels, wider flash range and longer battery life.

The Nikon professional digital camera D2X is packed with all possible features, which most amateurs will hardly use in a lifetime. At $5,000, this camera has it all and does it all, being every photography enthusiast’s dream.

For more information on Nikon Professioanl Digital Camera check out http://www.digitalcameraworld.org You'll find loads of tips and techniques plus you'll find answers to questions many others in your situation have asked before. But Hurry! For a limited time you can get your very own copy of our award winning Digital Camera Software at absolutely no cost.


Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Josh_J

The PowerShot G7 Digital Camera by Canon

The newest camera Canon has put out for the advanced users, the Power Shot G7, had many serious photography aficionados snapping their fingers, anxiously awaiting its October 2006 debut. The 10 Megapixel digital camera is more than most casual users need but the consummate professional will find the Power Shot G7 great for snapping shots for enlargements and nearly unlimited cropping. A large 2.5 inch LCD monitor, complete with wide viewing will make on-camera screening much easier. The 6x optical zoom will make taking crisp, clear close-ups almost effortless.

Canons G series cameras all offer superior image quality but the G7 is one of their first to offer DIGIC III Image Processor with Face Detection Technology. Not only are images clearer and higher pixel count, but the processing and saving is twice as fast as previous technologies. You’d think such power would run your batteries dead in no time, but Canon addressed that as well by integrating low power consumption into the DIGIC III processor.

The Power Shot G7 6x zoom lens and compatibility with auxiliary lenses lets you snap shots in the middle of a soccer game without ever stepping on the playing field. You won’t lose brightness or clarity as you zoom in and out of the game, either. Meticulously engineered lenses reduce and correct aberrations while Canon's new SR coating technology (used here for the first time in a digital camera) virtually eliminates ghosting.

There are so many shooting modes on the G7 you’ll be hard pressed to use them all.

Auto mode lets you focus on your subject and makes all the decisions for you. Great for everyday pictures in normal light and motion situations. The P program is a more advanced Auto mode with the addition of advanced exposure compensation. The AV aperture priority mode allows you to isolate your subject or, in the alternative, to add clarity to your entire picture. The camera chooses shutter speed on the AV setting.

If you like more control of shutter speed, the TV shutter priority allows you to adjust shutter speed and possibly add blur while the camera chooses the appropriate aperture. Canon’s noise reduction will reduce the noise when on the TV setting. For ultimate control, choose the M, or Manual, setting. You choose the ISO speed, exposure and white balance. Once you find a setting you like on M, you can save it as a C, or Custom, setting.

Do you build panoramas or want to start? The Stitch Assist will help align the images in order efficiently and neatly.

Movie makers will love the Power Shot G7’s options of shooting in XGA – 15 fps (frames per second); VGA and QVGA - 30 fps for up to 1 hour or up to 4 gigabytes; QVGA (60 fps) for up to 60 seconds or QQVGA (15 fps) for up to 3 minutes.

If you like the blurred-background look of traditional portrait shots, choose the Portrait special scene mode. It will automatically focus on the subject while blurring the background. For sharpness from front to back, the Landscape scene mode will set a small aperture for a great landscape photo.

Nighttime shooting comes with a set of problems all its own. Canon realizes this and added a night scene mode for impressive nighttime pictures. When you choose this setting, the camera will automatically expose the background and use a slow flash. Sunsets will “pop” when you choose the G7 to shoot.

Soccer moms will love the super accurate auto-focus feature that comes in the form of the Sports scene mode. Capture little Johnny kicking the game winning field goal or smacking the ball for a home run.

Autumn foliage and blossoms won’t come of dull or muted when shot through the lens of the Power Shot G7. The Foliage scene setting will automatically pick up the brilliance of the colors of greenery and flora.

Snow shots have often come out looking bluish or darkened. Those days are over when you use the G7. Choose the Snow scene mode to fix the off-tints and darkened hues.

Clear beach shots might have been a sore spot in the past but Canon addressed this by adding a Beach scene mode. Gone are the darkened faces and blurred background waves with the Beach mode.

Fourth of July used to mean fireworks – and bad pictures of them. Not so when you set the G7 to the Fireworks mode. You’ll pick up the brilliance of the skyrockets and awe-inspiring ground fireworks on Independence Day.

Underwater photographers have been thought of as well. With the optional waterproof case (part number WP-DC11) and the Underwater scene mode, you’ll be able to encapsulate the beauty of the submarine world with reduced or even removed backscatter effect.

Indoor aquarium shots often come with flash exposures and unnatural hues. The Aquarium scene mode allow for flash-free exposure and natural colors you see in indoor aquariums.

The Indoor scene setting will reduce blur and pick up more accurate colors when shooting inside. With the ISO 3200 feature, you won’t have to use the flash in some indoor settings.

Children and pets are always on the move, making a family photographer’s job that much more difficult. The Kids & Pets setting reduces the time you’ll spend focusing by freezing fast-moving subjects like Sally and Spot. No more stories of the shot that got away.

The Color Accent setting will produce natural-looking photos with subjects lit by flash and beautiful bright backgrounds

Change that blue shirt to red or green eyes to brown with the Color Swap feature. This is possibly the coolest special effect feature you’ll find in Canon’s Power Shot G7.

You’ll find the G7 easy to use with dedicated dials for ISO settings and Scene Modes. The zoom is quick and easy. The camera itself is small, light and painless to carry. The pricetag you should expect to see on the Canon Power Shot G7 is about $600, though you might find it a little cheaper at discount camera shops.

The article on the canon camera Powershot G7 has been brought to your buy your consumer electronics.


Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Jawahn_Thompson

Wednesday, November 7, 2007

How to Get Your Photos Off of Your Digital Camera

How do I get my photos off my digital camera? For some, this is an obvious question with an obvious answer. But as digital camera purchases continue to grow in leaps and bounds as more people convert from traditional 35mm to digital, new users may be confused about the many options. Here is a review of the various ways to get your digital photos off your camera and printed.

Via Software and USB Cable

Digital cameras usually come with software that you install on your computer. It launches a program that prompts you to transfer your photos directly from your camera to your PC using a USB cable. Photo editing and photo management software like ACDSee Photo Editor and Adobe Photoshop Elements also feature prompts to transfer your images to your computer. You can choose to have your photos automatically erases from your camera's memory card afterward, or you can do it manually later. Once your photos are on your computer, you can organize them in folders and rename them just like you would with any other files on your computer, as well as use photo editing software to crop or enhance the images. Then you can either print them on your own color printer or upload them to an online digital photo service for printing.

Via PictBridge

Many cameras have a "PictBridge" feature which means you can connect your camera directly to your printer via USB cable and bypass a computer completely. You can print your photos immediately.

Camera Docking Station

Some cameras have a docking station that connects via USB port to your computer. You just put your camera in the docking station and your photos will transfer automatically.

Memory Card

There are several methods here. If your computer or printer has a memory card slot (many newer ones do) you can take your memory card out of your camera and insert it into the appropriate slot and transfer them that way. Another method is to take your memory card out and take it to your local drug store or photo store to review and print them at the photo kiosk.

Upload your Photos to Online Photo Service

Online photo processors offer simple, free software programs to help you upload your photos to their site either directly from your camera or from your computer. You can use their editing tools to crop or adjust color and contrast and then order prints for home delivery. Some services even offer in-store pick-up.

There are so many options for getting your photos out of your camera and printed. Don't let your memories languish in your camera-get them printed so you can see and relive them!

Learn more about printing and editing your digital photos at DigitalPhotos101.com




Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Valerie_Goettsch

A Few Helpful Tips For Choosing a Digital Camera

Digital cameras are different from regular cameras because they have a computer built into them. This means that you can later transfer the images to your pc and play around with size and definition. Digital cameras have been around for a while now and the prices are just about on a par with the prices of a good regular camera.

If you are looking for a digital camera, there is plenty to choose from – with prices that should suit most budgets. Some digital cameras are better than others but it is a good idea to do your homework before handing over the money. If you don’t, you could end up with a camera that does not suit your needs.

What advertisers call the perfect camera may not be perfect for you. In addition to this, advertisers are trying to sell a product and what they call perfect today may not be tomorrow. You, on the other hand, want a camera that does what you need it to do and that will last for some time. Advertisers are not really concerned with people’s particular needs, just with popularizing a product.

Before you set out to buy a camera, it’s a good idea to have some understanding of the terms you might come across. For example, you may hear the retailer mention pixels and not know what they are. Pixels are the dots that make up the picture. Thousands of these dots are known as megapixels, the more megapixels you get, the sharper the picture you end up with.

Megapixels can also determine the price of a camera, the more you have, the more expensive the camera will be. A lot depends on what you want the camera for. If all you want to do is take family photos and email them to friends and relatives, a normal four megapixel camera should be just fine. If you want to use it professionally, you may need something with more pixels.

You might also want to consider size when buying a digital camera. Now days, you don’t have to buy large cameras – some are so small they will fit into a shirt pocket. However, size is also affected by price. It takes greater technological know-how to make a small camera than it does to make a regular sized one. Most people who take family photos do quite well with a regular one.

The information above should give you some idea of the general things to look for in a digital camera. Now it is up to you to decide which camera you think is the best for your particular needs.

Once you have thought about those aspects, you should have an idea of the kind of camera you want and it should enable you to look at the lists of digital cameras online or in the stores and short-list any suitable models.

You should then try to look and, if possible, handle the actual cameras, either in store or, better yet, if people you know already own them, you are likely to get better answers to any questions you may have.

Then try to find examples of any pictures taken to see the quality and whether it meets your expectations.

Testfreaks reviews digital cameras at http://www.testfreaks.com/


Helpful Tips On How To Choose A Digital Camera Without Wasting Your Money

When the time comes to buy yourself a digital camera, it can be a very confusing process. There are so many digital cameras available on the market today, it's hard to know where to start. There are so many great features, and each camera has its own particular capabilities for things like image resolution, lens power, storage capacity and so on. So where do you start?

In the end, you buy a digital camera to take pictures. So although there are many things you need to consider before choosing a camera, there's no doubt that image quality and color trueness are the most important. You need to spend time checking out the images generated by a number of different cameras before you can make a decision. Don't look at retouched images, just at fresh shots.

Resolution is also very important. The quality of a camera and its photos are in direct proportion to the image resolution. The higher the mega pixels, the better the resolution. For example, a camera with a capability of 3 mega pixels (MP) will output images that are between 1 and 2 MB in size. But a 7 MP camera produces images from 4 to 5 MB in size. For beginners, a low or mid-end MP camera will be fine, but professionals must go for high pixel cameras.

Once you have a few cameras in mind, try picking them up and seeing how easy they are to operate. A large or heavy camera can be difficult to carry, and may be difficult to hold still while taking photos. It's also important that all the main buttons for operating the camera are easy to locate and use.

Check out the storage capacity of the camera. A small memory card doesn't matter if you're only going to take a few photos at a time and have ready access to your computer for downloading. But if you're going to be using your camera while traveling, you will probably find you need a large memory card or perhaps a couple of small memory cards. That way you won't constantly be running out of space. Even if the camera you prefer only has a small card, it doesn't matter, because you can buy a larger card separately.

Most of the low to mid range cameras come with a single lens, and generally have some sort of 'zoom' capability. If you're going to be taking lots of photos at close range, such as less than 1.5 feet (of flowers, for example) then make sure you choose a camera with a macro option. It's also possible to buy a high-end camera, which is basically a 35mm SLR (Single Lens Reflex) camera, which allows you to change lenses. These are great for professional photographers, but for the average person you will probably find you spend a lot of money for nothing.

Digital cameras tend to go through a lot of batteries, so you may like to choose one with an AC adapter so that you can recharge the battery directly from an electrical socket. The only problem is that you can't use the camera while it's being charged. So you may prefer to buy some rechargeable batteries and a battery charger. Always make sure you have a spare set of batteries ready to go.

For more information on digital cameras to include reviews, a digital camera buying guide, the advantages of digital photography and how a digital camera works try visiting Digital-Photo-Tips.info



Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Tim_Gorman