Some estimates for total digital camera sales during 2005 exceeded 80 million units. The growth is expected to be about 8 to 10% for 2006. There is one segment of the market, however, that is growing significantly faster. This segment is the digital single lens reflex, or dSLR for short, market. While estimates vary considerably, most agree that the segment will grow much faster than any other. The growth figures range between 25% & 50% growth for 2006.
It is clear to see in the PhotoTakers forums that the dSLR market is growing. More and more we see many questions with regards to which camera should be purchased. In order to help with this, I decided to put this article together, I hope it helps.
My intent here is to help people make an informed decision when looking at cameras. I will not give you recommendations on any particular brand, rather I will try to help you understand what certain features mean and how they will affect your photography. You will then be able to decide on which features you'd like in your camera. To avoid any misconceptions of quality based on brand names, I will categorize cameras based on a price range as opposed to names like "high-end", "pro" or "entry level".
Most of what I mention applies to film and digital SLRs. For the sake of clarity and ease, I will refrain from any discussion on film in this article. In essence film and digital sensors are just two different types of photosensitive materials.
Lastly, please understand that I cannot get into a great deal of detail on every comment. It suffices to say, that if you'd like clarification on any topic you can always ask in the forums and we will gladly clear it up.
Single Lens Reflex Cameras. What are they and what makes them special?
Single Lens Reflex (SLR) cameras are given their name because of the configuration they use. SLR's configuration uses a single lens that serves two roles. First the lens is used to compose and focus the image. Once the image is composed and focused, the photographer releases the shutter to record the image on the sensor through the very same lens. This dual role is accomplished by the use of a mirror within the camera. When the photographer composes and focuses the shot, the mirror reflects the image the lens produces up into the viewfinder. When the photo is taken the mirror is lifted out of the way so the shutter can expose the sensor.
The biggest advantage with using an single lens reflex digital camera is the ability of the photographer to see exactly what the sensor will see. The SLR allows you to confirm that focus, composition and depth of field will be correct. You are able to see what the sensor will see through your viewfinder. The second, and more commonly mentioned advantage of an single lens reflex camera, is the ability to change lenses to suit your needs. You are not limited to what the manufacturer decided to put on the camera. There are other factors that are usually ignored but should not be, I've outlined a few below.
* Viewfinder: Like I said, with the Digital SLR, you see what the sensor will see. This is actually very good because it gives you a brighter and clearer display than any electronic viewfinder can ever give you. Even if the P&S cameras have a separate viewfinder they are significantly smaller than the SLR and do not display any shooting data, typically.
* Sensor Size: All digital SLRs have relatively large sensors (physical dimensions, not pixel count) when compared to P&S cameras. Compared to the largest P&S sensors, the most common dSLR sensors have almost six times the area. This significantly increases image quality. The main reason for the increase in image quality is that noise is less of a problem on larger sensors. Another benefit of larger sensors is that shallow depths of field are more attainable. This makes it easier to get the blurred background effects. Ultimately, a P&S camera with a larger pixel count than an SLR will not produce as good an image as the SLR, from an overall point of view.
* Lens Quality & options: While the lens quality on today's P&S cameras are very good, the lens quality that is available for SLRs is usually superior. Of course there are exceptions to this, but in general, this is commonly the case. As mentioned above, the ability to change lenses is an advantage. This allows you to use purpose built lenses if you'd like. For example, in a P&S camera you might have a macro capability but with the dSLR you can attach a Macro lens. There is a significant difference in image quality.
* Shutter Lag: This is the time lag between the moment one presses the shutter and the moment the camera actually takes the photo. With SLR cameras this lag is basically non-existent. It is measured in millionths of a second. With P&S cameras, it can be rather long by comparison. It can cost you the ability to get the shot.
* Dynamic Range: This is the range of brightness levels that a device can capture. Simply put, it is the darkest to lightest levels of light where you can still see details in the printed image. In general, DSLR's have a greater dynamic range than do P&S cameras.
* RAW Formats: RAW formats (each manufacturer has their own standard) are image captures where the sensor data is saved without manipulation by the camera's internal software. This leads to the best quality image you can get from a digital camera. While some P&S cameras can capture in a RAW format, generally it is not the case. All dSLRs have the ability to capture RAW formats. While it is not something everybody will be concerned with, it is something that needs to be mentioned. JPG captures, by comparison, all are processed, to some extent, in camera and are compressed.
To be fair, there are disadvantages to dSLR cameras. First are the costs involved. The dSLR camera is much higher in price. This is especially true when one begins to add lens and accessory costs to the mix. Second is weight and bulk. They are simply larger. Again add optional lenses and accessories and this bulk increases. However, if the ultimate image quality is what you are after, then the dSLR is the way to get it.
About the Author:
Luis Valladares, operates a professional portrait studio out of the Miami Florida area. A member of the National Association of Professional photographers, Luis enjoys sharing his photographic knowledge with others.
